ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations)
US regulations governing the export and handling of defence-related articles, services, and technical data, with significant implications for UK aerospace, defence-adjacent, and dual-use engineering firms.
How it works
ITAR-controlled data, including engineering documentation, design files, simulation outputs, and supporting material for defence-related articles, cannot leave the controller without explicit licence. For UK aerospace, defence, and defence-adjacent firms (Airbus, Rolls-Royce, MBDA, BAE Systems, GKN, and the broader supply chain), ITAR shapes architecture choices for any AI deployment: the standard cloud LLM contract sends content to a US provider for inference, which is in most cases a data export breach. ITAR-defensible AI architectures are private, on-premise or air-gapped, with no third-party LLM in the data path. Ayoob AI builds ITAR-aware AI for Bristol aerospace and defence-adjacent clients on this principle.
Related terms
Air-Gapped AI
AI deployed inside a network that has no connection to the public internet, used for the most security-sensitive workloads where any external connectivity is prohibited.
Private AI
AI deployed on infrastructure the client controls (on-premise, in the client's cloud tenancy, or air-gapped), with no third-party LLM provider in the data path and no inference-time data export.
On-Premise AI
AI deployed on hardware the client owns and operates inside their own data centre or office facility, with no dependency on external cloud or model providers for inference.
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